Tritium Exit Signs

EXIT signs that glow in the dark often contain a radioactive gas called tritium. These signs do not require electricity or batteries and can be used where it is hard to install electric signs, such as above doors. They serve an important safety function by marking exits to be used during power outages and emergencies. The signs pose little or no threat to public health and safety or security.

Use of Tritium in Exit Signs

Tritium, also known as 3H or H-3, is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. In EXIT signs the gas is contained in sealed glass tubes lined with a light-emitting compound. The tritium gives off low-energy beta radiation that causes the lining to glow. This type of radiation cannot penetrate a sheet of paper or clothing. If inhaled, it leaves the body relatively quickly. Tritium gas is odorless, colorless and tasteless, and is lighter than air.

There are a couple ways to know whether an EXIT sign contains tritium. When the lights are off, tritium will make the word EXIT glow green or red. The sign should also have a permanent warning label that mentions tritium, 3H or H-3; displays the three-bladed radiation warning symbol; and states “Caution-Radioactive Materials.” If all four letters in EXIT are fully lit, the sign is working properly. If not, the sign may be damaged or have reached the end of its working life.

Many kinds of facilities across the United States use tritium EXIT signs, including public and private office buildings, theaters, stores, schools and churches. The NRC estimates there are more than two million tritium EXIT signs in use in the United States.

Regulatory Requirements

Manufacturers and distributors of tritium EXIT signs are “specific licensees,” meaning they must apply for and receive a radioactive materials license from the NRC or an Agreement State.i Facilities that use tritium EXIT signs are considered “general licensees,” meaning they do not need a specific license to use the signs. The signs, considered “generally licensed devices,” are designed to be inherently safe so they can be used without the need for radiation training.

But the signs are still subject to certain regulatory requirements.ii Most important is the requirement for proper disposal, because a damaged sign could contaminate the immediate area and require expensive cleanup. Manufacturers and distributors must notify purchasers of the requirements for generally licensed devices. The general licensee must put one person in charge of meeting those requirements. The general licensee must also report any changes affecting a device or the person responsible for it. General licensees may be inspected by the NRC or an Agreement State and may face penalties for violating the regulations.

• Under NRC regulations, a general licensee using a tritium EXIT sign must:
• NOT remove the labeling or radioactive symbol or abandon the sign;
• properly dispose of an unwanted sign (see below);
• report to the NRC or appropriate Agreement State any lost, stolen or broken sign;
• inform the NRC or Agreement State of changes to the name or address of the general licensee or the person in charge of complying with the regulations;
• NOT give away or sell the sign unless it is to remain in use at its original location; in such a case, the general licensee making the transfer must give the new owner a copy of the regulations and report the transfer to the NRC or Agreement State within 30 days.

Tritium EXIT signs must NOT be disposed of as normal trash. To dispose of a sign properly, a general licensee must transfer the sign to a specific licensee—such as a manufacturer, distributor, licensed radioactive waste broker, or licensed low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. These facilities may charge a fee for disposing of the sign.

Within 30 days of disposing of a sign, the general licensee must file a report to the NRC or Agreement State. More information about the regulatory requirements for tritium exit signs can be found at 10 CFR Part 31.5.

September 2013

Non-Emergency

Including any concern involving a nuclear reactor, nuclear fuel facility, or radioactive materials.

You may send an e-mail to Allegations. However, because e-mail transmission may not be completely secure, if you are concerned about protecting your identity it is preferable that you contact us by phone or in person. You may contact any NRC employee (including a resident inspector) or call:

NRC's Toll-Free Safety Hotline:
(800) 695-7403

Note: Calls to this number are not recorded between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. However, calls received outside these hours are answered by the Incident Response Operations Center on a recorded line.

Some materials and activities are regulated by Agreement States and States: Learn more about Non-Emergency Concerns Involving Agreement States and States.

Learn more about NRC's Response to Non-Emergency Safety Concerns.

Emergency

Involving a nuclear facility or radioactive materials, including

• Any accident involving a nuclear reactor, nuclear fuel facility, or radioactive materials, or
• Lost or damaged radioactive materials, or
• Any threat, theft, smuggling, vandalism, or terrorist activity involving a nuclear facility or radioactive materials.

Call NRC's 24-Hour
Headquarters Operations Center:
(301) 816-5100

We accept collect calls.
Note: Calls to this number are recorded.

Learn more about NRC's Emergency Response Activities.

31.5 Certain detecting, measuring, gauging, or controlling devices and certain devices for producing light or an ionized atmosphere

(a) A general license is hereby issued to commercial and industrial firms and research, educational and medical institutions, individuals in the conduct of their business, and Federal, State or local government agencies to acquire, receive, possess, use or transfer, in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this section, byproduct material contained in devices designed and manufactured for the purpose of detecting, measuring, gauging or controlling thickness, density, level, interface location, radiation, leakage, or qualitative or quantitative chemical composition, or for producing light or an ionized atmosphere.

(b)(1) The general license in paragraph (a) of this section applies only to byproduct material contained in devices which have been manufactured or initially transferred and labeled in accordance with the specifications contained in—

(i) A specific license issued under § 32.51 of this chapter; or

(ii) An equivalent specific license issued by an Agreement State; or

(iii) An equivalent specific license issued by a State with provisions comparable to § 32.51 of this chapter.

(2) The devices must have been received from one of the specific licensees described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section or through a transfer made under paragraph (c)(9) of this section.

(c) Any person who acquires, receives, possesses, uses or transfers byproduct material in a device pursuant to the general license in paragraph (a) of this section:

(1) Shall assure that all labels affixed to the device at the time of receipt and bearing a statement that removal of the label is prohibited are maintained thereon and shall comply with all instructions and precautions provided by such labels;

(2) Shall assure that the device is tested for leakage of radioactive material and proper operation of the on-off mechanism and indicator, if any, at no longer than six-month intervals or at such other intervals as are specified in the label; however:

(i) Devices containing only krypton need not be tested for leakage of radioactive material, and

(ii) Devices containing only tritium or not more than 100 microcuries of other beta and/or gamma emitting material or 10 microcuries of alpha emitting material and devices held in storage in the original shipping container prior to initial installation need not be tested for any purpose;

(3) Shall assure that the tests required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section and other testing, installation, servicing, and removal from installation involving the radioactive materials, its shielding or containment, are performed:

(i) In accordance with the instructions provided by the labels; or

(ii) By a person holding a specific license pursuant to parts 30 and 32 of this chapter or from an Agreement State to perform such activities;

(4) Shall maintain records showing compliance with the requirements of paragraphs (c)(2) and (c)(3) of this section. The records must show the results of tests. The records also must show the dates of performance of, and the names of persons performing, testing, installing, servicing, and removing from the installation radioactive material and its shielding or containment. The licensee shall retain these records as follows:

(i) Each record of a test for leakage or radioactive material required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section must be retained for three years after the next required leak test is performed or until the sealed source is transferred or disposed of.

(ii) Each record of a test of the on-off mechanism and indicator required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section must be retained for three years after the next required test of the on-off mechanism and indicator is performed or until the sealed source is transferred or disposed of.

(iii) Each record that is required by paragraph (c)(3) of this section must be retained for three years from the date of the recorded event or until the device is transferred or disposed of.

(5) Shall immediately suspend operation of the device if there is a failure of, or damage to, or any indication of a possible failure of or damage to, the shielding of the radioactive material or the on-off mechanism or indicator, or upon the detection of 185 bequerel (0.005 microcurie) or more removable radioactive material. The device may not be operated until it has been repaired by the manufacturer or other person holding a specific license to repair such devices that was issued under parts 30 and 32 of this chapter or by an Agreement State. The device and any radioactive material from the device may only be disposed of by transfer to a person authorized by a specific license to receive the byproduct material in the device or as otherwise approved by the Commission. A report containing a brief description of the event and the remedial action taken; and, in the case of detection of 0.005 microcurie or more removable radioactive material or failure of or damage to a source likely to result in contamination of the premises or the environs, a plan for ensuring that the premises and environs are acceptabble for unrestricted use, must be furnished to the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, ATTN: GLTS, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555–0001 within 30 days. Under these circumstances, the criteria set out in § 20.1402 of this chapter, "Radiological criteria for unrestricted use," may be applicable, as determined by the Commission on a case-by-case basis;

(6) Shall not abandon the device containing byproduct material;

(7) Shall not export the device containing byproduct material except in accordance with part 110 of this chapter;

(8)(i) Shall transfer or dispose of the device containing byproduct material only by export as provided by paragraph (c)(7) of this section, by transfer to another general licensee as authorized in paragraph (c)(9) of this section, or to a person authorized to receive the device by a specific license issued under parts 30 and 32 of this chapter, or part 30 of this chapter that authorizes waste collection, or equivalent regulations of an Agreement State, or as otherwise approved under paragraph (c)(8)(iii) of this section.

(ii) Shall, within 30 days after the transfer of a device to a specific licensee or export, furnish a report to the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, ATTN: Document Control Desk/GLTS, using an appropriate method listed in § 30.6(a) of this chapter. The report must contain—

(A) The identification of the device by manufacturer's (or initial transferor's) name, model number, and serial number;

(B) The name, address, and license number of the person receiving the device (license number not applicable if exported); and

(C) The date of the transfer.

(iii) Shall obtain written NRC approval before transferring the device to any other specific licensee not specifically identified in paragraph (c)(8)(i) of this section; however, a holder of a specific license may transfer a device for possession and use under its own specific license without prior approval, if, the holder:

(A) Verifies that the specific license authorizes the possession and use, or applies for and obtains an amendment to the license authorizing the possession and use;

(B) Removes, alters, covers, or clearly and unambiguously augments the existing label (otherwise required by paragraph (c)(1) of this section) so that the device is labeled in compliance with § 20.1904 of this chapter; however the manufacturer, model number, and serial number must be retained;

(C) Obtains the manufacturer's or initial transferor's information concerning maintenance that would be applicable under the specific license (such as leak testing procedures); and

(D) Reports the transfer under paragraph (c)(8)(ii) of this section.

(9) Shall transfer the device to another general licensee only if—

(i) The device remains in use at a particular location. In this case, the transferor shall give the transferee a copy of this section, a copy of § 31.2, 30.51, 20.2201, and 20.2202 of this chapter, and any safety documents identified in the label of the device. Within 30 days of the transfer, the transferor shall report to the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, ATTN: Document Control Desk/GLTS, using an appropriate method listed in § 30.6(a) of this chapter—

(A) The manufacturer's (or initial transferor's) name;

(B) The model number and the serial number of the device transferred;

(C) The transferee's name and mailing address for the location of use; and

(D) The name, title, and phone number of the responsible individual identified by the transferee in accordance with paragraph (c)(12) of this section to have knowledge of and authority to take actions to ensure compliance with the appropriate regulations and requirements; or

(ii) The device is held in storage by an intermediate person in the original shipping container at its intended location of use prior to initial use by a general licensee.

(10) Shall comply with the provisions of §§ 20.2201, and 20.2202 of this chapter for reporting radiation incidents, theft or loss of licensed material, but shall be exempt from the other requirements of parts 19, 20, and 21, of this chapter.

(11) Shall respond to written requests from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to provide information relating to the general license within 30 calendar days of the date of the request, or other time specified in the request. If the general licensee cannot provide the requested information within the allotted time, it shall, within that same time period, request a longer period to supply the information by providing the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, by an appropriate method listed in § 30.6(a) of this chapter, a written justification for the request.

(12) Shall appoint an individual responsible for having knowledge of the appropriate regulations and requirements and the authority for taking required actions to comply with appropriate regulations and requirements. The general licensee, through this individual, shall ensure the day-to-day compliance with appropriate regulations and requirements. This appointment does not relieve the general licensee of any of its responsibility in this regard.

(13)(i) Shall register, in accordance with paragraphs (c)(13)(ii) and (iii) of this section, devices containing at least 370 megabecquerels (10 millicuries) of cesium-137, 3.7 megabecquerels (0.1 millicurie) of strontium-90, 37 megabecquerels (1 millicurie) of cobalt-60, 3.7 megabecquerels (0.1 millicurie) of radium-226, or 37 megabecquerels (1 millicurie) of americium-241 or any other transuranic (i.e., element with atomic number greater than uranium (92)), based on the activity indicated on the label. Each address for a location of use, as described under paragraph (c)(13)(iii)(D) of this section, represents a separate general licensee and requires a separate registration and fee.

(ii) If in possession of a device meeting the criteria of paragraph (c)(13)(i) of this section, shall register these devices annually with the Commission and shall pay the fee required by Sec. 170.31 of this chapter. Registration must be done by verifying, correcting, and/or adding to the information provided in a request for registration received from the Commission. The registration information must be submitted to the NRC within 30 days of the date of the request for registration or as otherwise indicated in the request. In addition, a general licensee holding devices meeting the criteria of paragraph (c)(13)(i) of this section is subject to the bankruptcy notification requirement in § 30.34(h) of this chapter.

(iii) In registering devices, the general licensee shall furnish the following information and any other information specifically requested by the Commission—

(A) Name and mailing address of the general licensee.

(B) Information about each device: the manufacturer (or initial transferor), model number, serial number, the radioisotope and activity (as indicated on the label).

(C) Name, title, and telephone number of the responsible person designated as a representative of the general licensee under paragraph (c)(12) of this section.

(D) Address or location at which the device(s) are used and/or stored. For portabble devices, the address of the primary place of storage.

(E) Certification by the responsible representative of the general licensee that the information concerning the device(s) has been verified through a physical inventory and checking of label information.

(F) Certification by the responsible representative of the general licensee that they are aware of the requirements of the general license.

(iv) Persons generally licensed by an Agreement State with respect to devices meeting the criteria in paragraph (c)(13)(i) of this section are not subject to registration requirements if the devices are used in areas subject to NRC jurisdiction for a period less than 180 days in any calendar year. The Commission will not request registration information from such licensees.

(14) Shall report changes to the mailing address for the location of use (including change in name of general licensee) to the Director, Office of Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs, ATTN: GLTS, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555–0001 within 30 days of the effective date of the change. For a portabble device, a report of address change is only required for a change in the device's primary place of storage.

(15) May not hold devices that are not in use for longer than 2 years. If devices with shutters are not being used, the shutter must be locked in the closed position. The testing required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section need not be performed during the period of storage only. However, when devices are put back into service or transferred to another person, and have not been tested within the required test interval, they must be tested for leakage before use or transfer and the shutter tested before use. Devices kept in standby for future use are excluded from the two-year time limit if the general licensee performs quarterly physical inventories of these devices while they are in standby.

(d) The general license in paragraph (a) of this section does not authorize the manufacture or import of devices containing byproduct material.

[39 FR 43532, Dec. 16, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 8785, Mar. 3, 1975; 40 FR 14085, Mar. 28, 1975; 42 FR 25721, May 19, 1977; 42 FR 28896, June 6, 1977; 43 FR 6922, Feb. 17, 1978; 53 FR 19246, May 27, 1988; 56 FR 23471, May 21, 1991; 56 FR 61352, Dec. 3, 1991; 58 FR 67659, Dec. 22, 1993; 64 FR 42275, Aug. 4, 1999; 65 FR 79188, Dec. 18, 2000; 68 FR 58804, Oct. 10, 2003; 72 FR 55926, Oct. 1, 2007; 72 FR 58486, Oct. 16, 2007; 73 FR 5718, Jan. 31, 2008; 73 FR 42673, July 23, 2008]

5 Persons possessing byproduct material in devices under a general license in § 31.5 before January 15, 1975, may continue to possess, use, or transfer that material in accordance with the labeling requirements of § 31.5 in effect on January 14, 1975.

§173.410 General design requirements.

In addition to the requirements of subparts A and B of this part, each package used for the shipment of Class 7 (radioactive) materials must be designed so that—

(a) The package can be easily handled and properly secured in or on a conveyance during transport.

(b) Each lifting attachment that is a structural part of the package must be designed with a minimum safety factor of three against yielding when used to lift the package in the intended manner, and it must be designed so that failure of any lifting attachment under excessive load would not impair the ability of the package to meet other requirements of this subpart. Any other structural part of the package which could be used to lift the package must be capable of being rendered inoperable for lifting the package during transport or must be designed with strength equivalent to that required for lifting attachments.

(c) The external surface, as far as practicable, will be free from protruding features and will be easily decontaminated.

(d) The outer layer of packaging will avoid, as far as practicable, pockets or crevices where water might collect.

(e) Each feature that is added to the package will not reduce the safety of the package.

(f) The package will be capable of withstanding the effects of any acceleration, vibration or vibration resonance that may arise under normal conditions of transport without any deterioration in the effectiveness of the closing devices on the various receptacles or in the integrity of the package as a whole and without loosening or unintentionally releasing the nuts, bolts, or other securing devices even after repeated use (see §§173.24, 173.24a, and 173.24b).

(g) The materials of construction of the packaging and any components or structure will be physically and chemically compatible with each other and with the package tabbscontents. The behavior of the packaging and the package tabbscontents under irradiation will be taken into account.

(h) All valves through which the package tabbscontents could escape will be protected against unauthorized operation.

(i) For transport by air—

(1) The temperature of the accessible surfaces of the package will not exceed 50 °C (122 °F) at an ambient temperature of 38 °C (100 °F) with no account taken for insulation;

(2) The integrity of containment will not be impaired if the package is exposed to ambient temperatures ranging from −40 °C (−40 °F) to +55 °C (131 °F); and

(3) Packages containing liquid tabbscontents will be capable of withstanding, without leakage, an internal pressure that produces a pressure differential of not less than 95 kPa (13.8 lb/in2).

[Amdt. 173-244, 60 FR 50307, Sept. 28, 1995, as amended by Amdt. 173-244, 61 FR 20750, May 8, 1996; 64 FR 51919, Sept. 27, 1999]

§171.15 Immediate notice of certain hazardous materials incidents.

(a) General. As soon as practical but no later than 12 hours after the occurrence of any incident described in paragraph (b) of this section, each person in physical possession of the hazardous material must provide notice by telephone to the National Response Center (NRC) on 800-424-8802 (toll free) or 202-267-2675 (toll call) or online at http://www.nrc.uscg.mil. Each notice must include the following information:

(1) Name of reporter;

(2) Name and address of person represented by reporter;

(3) Phone number where reporter can be contacted;

(4) Date, time, and location of incident;

(5) The extent of injury, if any;

(6) Class or division, proper shipping name, and quantity of hazardous materials involved, if such information is available; and

(7) Type of incident and nature of hazardous material involvement and whether a continuing danger to life exists at the scene.

(b) Reportabble incident. A telephone report is required whenever any of the following occurs during the course of transportation in commerce (including loading, unloading, and temporary storage):

(1) As a direct result of a hazardous material—

(i) A person is killed;

(ii) A person receives an injury requiring admittance to a hospital;

(iii) The general public is evacuated for one hour or more;

(iv) A major transportation artery or facility is closed or shut down for one hour or more; or

(v) The operational flight pattern or routine of an aircraft is altered;

(2) Fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected radioactive contamination occurs involving a radioactive material (see also §176.48 of this subchapter);

(3) Fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving an infectious substance other than a regulated medical waste;

(4) A release of a marine pollutant occurs in a quantity exceeding 450 L (119 gallons) for a liquid or 400 kg (882 pounds) for a solid;

(5) A situation exists of such a nature (e.g., a continuing danger to life exists at the scene of the incident) that, in the judgment of the person in possession of the hazardous material, it should be reported to the NRC even though it does not meet the criteria of paragraphs (b)(1), (2), (3) or (4) of this section; or

(6) During transportation by aircraft, a fire, violent rupture, explosion or dangerous evolution of heat (i.e., an amount of heat sufficient to be dangerous to packaging or personal safety to include charring of packaging, melting of packaging, scorching of packaging, or other evidence) occurs as a direct result of a battery or battery-powered device.

(c) Written report. Each person making a report under this section must also make the report required by §171.16 of this subpart.

Note to §171.15: Under 40 CFR 302.6, EPA requires persons in charge of facilities (including transport vehicles, vessels, and aircraft) to report any release of a hazardous substance in a quantity equal to or greater than its reportabble quantity, as soon as that person has knowledge of the release, to DOT's National Response Center at (toll free) 800-424-8802 or (toll) 202-267-2675.

[68 FR 67759, Dec. 3, 2003, as amended at 72 FR 55684, Oct. 1, 2007; 74 FR 2233, Jan. 14, 2009; 74 FR 53186, Oct. 16, 2009; 76 FR 43525, July 20, 2011]

Agreement & Non-Agreement States

(Click your state for info)

Agreement States, have entered into agreements with NRC that give them the authority to license and inspect byproduct, source, or special nuclear materials used or possessed within their borders. Any applicant, other than a Federal agency or Federally recognized Indian tribe, who wishes to possess or use licensed material in one of these Agreement States should contact the responsible officials in that State for guidance on preparing an application. These applications should be filed with State officials, not with NRC.

Click on a given state (or state code listed below) for the names of the Agreement State and Non-Agreement State Directors and State Liaison Officers.

AL * AK * AR * AZ * CA * CO * CT * DC *DE * FL * GA * GU * HI * IA * ID * IL * IN * KS * KY * LA * MA * MD * ME * MI * MN * MO * MS * MT * NC * ND * NE * NH * NJ * NM * NV * NY * OH * OK * OR * PA * RI * PR * SC * SD * TN * TX * UT * VA * VI * VT * WA * WI * WV * WY

Other Organizations

• NRC/Federal & State Materials & Environmental Management Directory
• Governor's Designees for Notification of Transport of Nuclear Waste
• Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc.(CRCPD)
• Organization of Agreement States, Inc.

Alabama Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer James L. McNees, Director
Office of Radiation Control
Alabama Department of Public Health
201 Monroe Street
The RSA Tower, Suite 700
P.O. Box 303017
Montgomery, AL 36130-3017
PH (334)206-5391 FX (334)206-5387
james.mcnees@adph.state.al.us James L. McNees, Acting Director
Office of Radiation Control
Alabama Department of Public Health
201 Monroe Street
The RSA Tower, Suite 700
P.O. Box 303017
Montgomery, AL 36130-3017
PH (334)206-5391 FX (334)206-5387
james.mcnees@adph.state.al.us Alaska Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Clyde E. Pearce, Chief
Radiological Health Program
Section of Laboratories
State of Alaska/DH&SS
5455 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Ave
Anchorage, AK 99507-1270
PH (907)334-2107 FX (907)334-2161
clyde_pearce@alaska.gov Marlena Brewer, Environmental Program Specialist IV
Department of Environmental Conservation
555 Cordova St.
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
PH (907)269-1099 FX (907)269-7600
marlena.brewer@alaska.gov Arizona Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Aubrey V. Godwin, Director
Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency
4814 South 40th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85040
PH (602)255-4845 ext. 222
FX (602)437-0705
agodwin@azrra.gov Aubrey V. Godwin, Director
Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency
4814 South 40th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85040
PH (602)255-4845 ext. 222
FX (602)437-0705
agodwin@azrra.gov Arkansas Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Bernard Bevill
AR Department of Health
Radioactive Control Section
4815 West Markham, Slot H-30
Little Rock, AR 72205-3867
PH (501)661-2301 FX (501)661-2236
bernard.bevill@arkansas.gov Bernard Bevill,
AR Department of Health
Radioactive Control Section
4815 West Markham, Slot H-30
Little Rock, AR 72205-3867
PH (501)661-2301 FX (501)661-2236
bernard.bevill@arkansas.gov California Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Gonzalo Perez, Branch Chief
Radiologic Health Branch
Div. of Food, Drug, & Radiation Safety
CA Dept. of Health Services
P.O. Box 997414, MS7610
1500 Capitol Ave., MS 7610
Sacramento, CA 95899-7414
PH (916)440-7942 FX (916)341-7224
gonzalo.perez@cdph.ca.gov Robert Weisenmiller, Chairman
California Energy Commission
1516 Ninth Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
PH (916)654-5036 FX (916)653-9040)
robert.weisenmiller@energy.ca.gov Colorado Agreement State Directors State Liaison Officer Steve Tarlton, Program Manager
Hazardous Materials & Waste Management Division
Department of Public Health and Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246-1530
PH (303)692-3423 FX (303)759-5355
steve.tarlton@dphe.state.co.us Steve Tarlton, Unit Leader
Radiation Management Program, HMWMD-B2
Hazardous Materials & Waste Management Division
Dept of Public Health & Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246-1530
PH (303)692-3423 FX (303)759-5355
steve.tarlton@dphe.state.co.us Connecticut Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Edward L. Wilds, Ph.D., Director
Radiation Division
Connecticut Dept. of Energy and Environmental Protection
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
PH (860)424-3029 FX (860)424-4065
edward.wilds@ct.gov Edward L. Wilds, Ph.D., Director
Radiation Division
Connecticut Dept. of Energy and Environmental Protection
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
PH (860)424-3029 FX (860)424-4065
edward.wilds@ct.gov Delaware Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer

Frieda Fisher-Tyler, Administrator
Division of Public Health
417 Federal St., Jess S. Cooper Bldg.
Dover, DE 19903
PH (302)744-4546 FX (302)739-3839
frieda.Fisher-Tyler@state.de.us

Frieda Fisher-Tyler, Administrator
Division of Public Health
417 Federal St., Jess S. Cooper Bldg.
Dover, DE 19903
PH (302)744-4546 FX (302)739-3839
frieda.Fisher-Tyler@state.de.us District of Columbia Non-Agreement State Director

Gregory B. Talley, Program Manager
Department of Health
HRLA/Radiation Protection Division
899 North Capital Street, NE, 2nd Fl
Washington, DC 20002
PH (202)724-8800 FX (202)727-8677
Greg.Talley@dc.gov

Florida Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Cynthia Becker, M.P.H., Chief
Bureau of Radiation Control
Florida Department of Health
4052 Bald Cypress Way, SE, Bin C21
Tallahassee, FL 32399-1741
PH (850)245-4266 FX (850)487-0435
cindy_becker@doh.state.fl.us Cynthia Becker, M.P.H., Chief
Bureau of Radiation Control
Florida Department of Health
4052 Bald Cypress Way, SE, Bin C21
Tallahassee, FL 32399-1741
PH (850)245-4266 FX (850)487-0435
cindy_becker@doh.state.fl.us Georgia Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer David Crowley, Manager
Radioactive Materials Program
Air Protection Branch
Department of Natural Resources
4220 International Parkway, Suite 130
Atlanta, GA 30354
PH (404)362-2675 FX (404)363-2653
david.crowley@dnr.state.ga.us Barty Simonton
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Environmental Radiation Program
4220 International Pkwy., Suite 100
Atlanta, GA 30354
PH (404)362-2675 FX (404)362-2653
CELL (404) 473-0287
barty.simonton@dnr.state.ga.us Hawaii Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Jeffrey M. Eckerd, Supervisor
Radiation Section
HI Department of Health
Indoor & Radiological Health Branch
591 Ala Moana Boulevard, Rm 133
Honolulu, HI 96813
PH (808)586-4700 FX (808)586-5838
jeffrey.eckerd@doh.hawaii.gov Lynn Nakasone, Division Administrator
Environmental Health Services Division
Department of Health
PO Box 3378
Honolulu, HI 96801
PH (808)586-4576
lynn.nakasone@doh.hawaii.gov Idaho Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Curt Fransen, Director
Technical Services Division
Idaho Dept. of Environmental Quality
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
PH (208)373-0240 FX (208)373-0417
Curt.Fransen@deq.idaho.gov

Mark Dietrich, Administrator
Technical Services Division
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
PH (208)373-0204 FX (208)373-0143
mark.detrich@deq.idaho.gov Curt Fransen, Director
Technical Services Division
Idaho Dept. of Environmental Quality
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
PH (208)373-0240 FX (208)373-0417
Curt.Fransen@deq.idaho.gov

Mark Dietrich, Administrator
Technical Services Division
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
PH (208)373-0204 FX (208)373-0143
mark.detrich@deq.idaho.gov Illinois Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Joseph G. Klinger, Assistant Director
Illinois Emergency Management Agency
Division of Nuclear Safety
2200 S. Dirksen Parkway
Springfield,IL 62703
PH (217)785-9868 FX (217)558-7398
Joe.Klinger@illinois.gov Joseph G. Klinger, Assistant Director
Illinois Emergency Management Agency
Division of Nuclear Safety
2200 S. Dirksen Parkway
Springfield,IL 62703
PH (217)785-9868 FX (217)558-7398
Joe.Klinger@illinois.gov Indiana Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Mary Stiker, Radiation Specialist
Indiana Department of Homeland Security
Indiana Government Center South
302 W. Washington Street, Room E208
Indianapolis, IN 46204-3003
PH (317)233-7563 FX (317)234-7234
mstiker@isdh.in.gov Laura Dresen
Indiana State Department of Homeland Security
302 W. Washington Street, E-208
Indianapolis, IN 46204
PH (317)234-6510
ldresen@dhs.in.gov

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Iowa Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Angela Leek, Bureau Chief
Bureau of Radiological Health
Iowa Department of Public Health
Lucas Office Bldg., 5th Floor
321 East 12th Street
Des Moines, IA 50319
PH (515)281-3478 FX (515)281-4529
Angela.leek@dph.iowa.gov Angela Leek, Bureau Chief
Bureau of Radiological Health
Iowa Department of Public Health
Lucas Office Bldg., 5th Floor
321 East 12th Street
Des Moines, IA 50319
PH (515)281-3478 FX (515)281-4529
Angela.leek@dph.iowa.gov Kansas Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Thomas A. Conley, CHP, RRPT, Chief
Section Chief Radiation and Asbestos Control
KS Dept of Health & Environment
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 330
Topeka, KS 66612-1365
PH (785)296-1565 FX (785)296-0984
tconley@kdheks.gov Thomas A. Conley, CHP, RRPT, Chief,
Section Chief Radiation and Asbestos Control
KS Dept of Health & Environment
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 330
Topeka, KS 66612-1365
PH (785)296-1565 FX (785)296-0984
tconley@kdheks.gov Kentucky Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Matthew W. McKinley, Administrator
Cabinet for Health & Family Services
Radiation Health Branch
275 East Main Street HS1C-A
Frankfort, KY 40621-0001
PH (502)564-3700 ext 4181
FX (502)564-1492
MatthewW.Mckinley@ky.gov

Matthew W. McKinley, Administrator
Cabinet for Health & Family Services
Radiation Health Branch
275 East Main Street HS1C-A
Frankfort, KY 40621-0001
PH (502)564-3700 ext 4181
FX (502)564-1492
MatthewW.Mckinley@ky.gov

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Louisiana Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Evita Lagard, DIvision Administrator
Assessment Division - Radiation Section
Office of Environmental Compliance
P.O. Box 4312
Batton Rouge, LA 70821-4312
PH (225)219-3717 FX (225)219-3310
Richard Scott Blackwell, Environmental Scientist Supervisor
LA Department of Environmental Quality
Emergency & Radiological Services Division
P.O. Box 4312
Baton Rouge, LA. 70821-4312
PH (225) 219-3639 FX (225)219-3154
richard.blackwell@la.gov
Maine Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Jay Hyland, Manager
Radiation Control Program
Division of Environmental Health
286 Water St, Key Plaza, 4th Floor, 11SHS
Augusta, ME 04333-0011
PH (207)287-5677 FX (207)287-3059
jay.hyland@Maine.gov Jay Hyland, Manager
Radiation Control Program
Division of Environmental Health
286 Water St, Key Plaza, 4th Floor, 11SHS
Augusta, ME 04333-0011
PH (207)287-5677 FX (207)287-3059
jay.hyland@Maine.gov Maryland Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Roland G. Fletcher
Radiological Health Program
Air & Radiation Management Adm.
Maryland Dept of the Environment
1800 Washington Blvd, Suite 750
Baltimore, MD 21230-1718
PH (410)537-3300 FX (410)537-3198
Roland.Fletcher@maryland.gov Tom Levering, Emergency Response Director
Maryland Dept of the Environment
1800 Washington Blvd, Suite 7111
Baltimore, MD 21230-1720
PH (410)537-4460, 24 hour (443)721-7891 FX (410)537-3888
Tom.Levering@maryland.gov

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Massachusetts Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Beverly Anderson, MPH, RS, Interim Director
Department of Public Health
Radiation Control Program
Bureau of Environmental Health
Schrafft Center, Suite 1M2A
529 Main Street
Charlestown, MA 02129
PH (617)242-3035, x2001 FX (617)242-3457
beverly.anderson@state.ma.us John Giarrusso, Jr., Planning & Preparedness Division Chief
Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency
400 Worcester Road
Framingham, MA 01702-5399
PH (508)820-2040 FX (508)820-2049
John.Giarrusso@state.ma.us Michigan Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Bruce A. Matkovich, Manager
Radiation Safety Section
Division of Health Facilities & Services
Bureau of Health Care Services
MI Dept of Licensing & Regulatory Affairs
611 West Ottawa
PO Box 30664
Lansing, MI 48909
PH (517)241-1993 FX (517)241-1981
matkovichb@michigan.gov Ken Yale, Acting Section Chief
Radiological Protection Section
Waste and Hazardous Materials Divison
Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality
525 West Allegan Street
PO Box 30241
Lansing, MI 48909-7741
PH (517)241-1278 FX (517)373-4797
YaleK@michigan.gov

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Minnesota Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Dale Dorschner, Manager
Indoor Environments and Radiation Section
Environmental Health Division
Department of Health
P.O. Box 64975
St. Paul, MN 55164-0975
PH (651)201-4603 FX (651)201-4606
dale.dorschner@state.mn.us Aggie Leitheiser, Assistant Commissioner
Minnesota Dept. of Health
625 N. Robert Street
P.O. Box 64975
St.Paul, MN 55164-0975
PH (651)201-5711 FX (651)201-4986
aggie.leitheiser@state.mn.us
Mississippi Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer B.J. Smith, Director
Division of Radiological Health
Mississippi State Department of Health
3150 Lawson Street, P.O. Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39215-1700
PH (601)987-6893 FX (601) 987-6887
bjsmith@msdh.state.ms.us B.J. Smith, Director
Division of Radiological Health
Mississippi State Department of Health
3150 Lawson Street, P.O. Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39215-1700
PH (601)987-6893, FX (601)987-6887, Cell (601)813-5787 (24 hrs.)
bjsmith@msdh.state.ms.us Missouri Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer John Langston
Missouri Radiation Control Program
Bureau of Ambulatory Care
Division of Regulation and Licensure
1617 Southridge, P.O. Box 570
Jefferson City, MO 65102-0570
PH (573)751-6083 FX (573)751-6158
john.langston@health.mo.gov Harry Bozoian, Deputy Director of Policy and General Counsel
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
PH (573)751-0323 FX (573)751-7627
harry.bozoian@dnr.mo.gov

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Montana Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Roy Kemp, Deputy Administrator
Quality Assurance Division
Montana Dept of Public Health & Human Services
2401 Colonial Drive
P.O. Box 202953
Helena, MT 59620-2953
PH (406)444-2868 FX (406)444-3456
rkemp@mt.gov Ed Tinsley, Administrator
Montana Disaster and Emergency Services Division
P. O. Box 4789
Fort Harrison, MT 59636-4789
PH (406)324-4777 FX (406)324-4790
etinsley@mt.gov

Nebraska Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Julia A. Schmitt, Manager
NE Dept. of Health & Human Services
Office of Radiological Health
301 Centennial Mall South
P.O. Box 95026
Lincoln, NE 68509-5026
PH (402) 471-0528 FX (402) 471-0169
julia.schmitt@nebraska.gov Mary Sue Semerena, Unit Administrator
NE Health & Human Services
Division of Environmental Health
301 Centennial Mall South
P.O. Box 95026
Lincoln, NE 68509-5026
PH (402) 471-0928 FX (402) 471-0169
marysue.semerena@nebraska.gov Nevada Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Karen Beckley, Manager
Radiation Control Program
Division of Public and Behavioral Health
675 Fairview Drive, Suite 218
Carson City, NV 89706
PH (775)687-7540
FX (775)687-7552
kbeckley@health.nv.gov Karen Beckley, Manager
Radiation Control Program
Division of Public and Behavioral Health
675 Fairview Drive, Suite 218
Carson City, NV 89706
PH (775)687-7540
FX (775)687-7552
kbeckley@health.nv.gov

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New Hampshire Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Twila Kenna, Director
NH Radiological Health Section
Department of Health and Human Services
29 Hazen Drive
Concord, New Hampshire 03301-6504
PH (603)271-4840 FX (603)225-2325
tkenna@dhhs.state.nh.us Perry Plummer, Acting Director
State of NH Homeland Security & Emergency Management
New Hampshire Dept of Safety
33 Hazen Drive
Concord, NH 03305
PH (603)223-3637 FX (603)271-6336
perry.plummer@dos.nh.gov New Jersey Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Paul Baldauf, Director
Division of Environmental Safety & Health
Dept. of Environmental Protection
P.O. Box 420
Trenton, NJ 08625-0420
PH (609)633-7964 FX (609)777-1330
paul.baldauf@dep.state.nj.us Paul Baldauf, Director
Division of Environmental Safety & Health
Dept. of Environmental Protection
P.O. Box 420
Trenton, NJ 08625-0420
PH (609)633-7964 FX (609)777-1330
paul.baldauf@dep.state.nj.us New Mexico Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Michael Ortiz, Bureau Chief
Radiation Control Bureau
Environmental Health Division
Environmental Department
Marquez Building-Suite 1
525 Camino de Los Marquez
Santa Fe, NM 87505
or
P.O. Box 5469
Santa Fe, NM 87502-5469
PH (505)476-8605 FX (505)476-8654
michael.ortiz1@state.nm.us Butch Tongate, Deputy Secretary
New Mexico State Environment Dept.
1190 St. Francis Drive, Suite 4050N
Santa Fe, NM 87505
PH (505)827-2855 FX (505)827-2836
butch.tongate@state.nm.us

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New York Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Stephen Gavitt, CHP, Director
Bureau of Environmental Radiation Protection
Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower-12th Fl.
Albany, NY 12237
PH (518)402-7550 FX (518)402-7554
smg03@health.state.ny.us

Adela Salame-Alfie, Ph.D, Acting director
Division of Environmental Health
Investigations-NYS Health Department
Empire State Placa-Corning Tower-16th Fl.
Albany, NY 12237
PH (518)402-7501
FX (518)402-7554
Asa01@health.state.ny.us

Timothy B. Rice, Chief
Radiological Sites Section
Remedial Bureau A
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
625 Broadway, 11th Floor
Albany, NY 12233-7255
PH (518)402-8579 FX (518)402-8646
tbrice@gw.dec.state.ny.us

Christopher Boyd, Assistant Commissioner
Bureau of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
42-09 28th Street, 14th Floor CN#56
Long Island City, NY 11101
PH (347)396-6001 FX (347)396-6089
cboyd@health.nyc.gov

Francis J. Murray, President and CEO
New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
17 Columbus Circle
Albany, NY 12223-6399
PH (518)862-1090 ext.3320
FX (518)862-1091
fjm@nyserda.ny.gov

Alyse Peterson, (SLO Designee)
Sr. Project Manager
New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
17 Columbus Circle
Albany, NY 12223-6399
PH (518)862-1090 ext.3274
FX (518)862-1091
alp@nyserda.ny.gov

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North Carolina Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Lee Cox, Chief
Radiation Protection Section
Dept of Health and Human Services
3825 Barrett Drive
Raleigh, NC 27609-7221
PH (919)571-4141 ext. 201
FX (919)571-4148
Lee.Cox@dhhs.nc.gov Lee Cox, Chief
Radiation Protection Section
Dept of Health and Human Services
3825 Barrett Drive
Raleigh, NC 27609-7221
PH (919)571-4141 ext. 201
FX (919)571-4148
Lee.Cox@dhhs.nc.gov North Dakota Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Terry L. O'Clair, Director
North Dakota Dept of Health
Division of Air Quality, 2nd Floor
918 East Divide Ave.
Bismarck, ND 58501-1947
PH (701)328-5188 FX (701)328-5185
toclair@nd.gov Terry L. O'Clair, Director
North Dakota Dept of Health
Division of Air Quality, 2nd Floor
918 East Divide Ave.
Bismarck, ND 58501-1947
PH (701)328-5188 FX (701)328-5185
toclair@nd.gov Ohio Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Michael Snee
Bureau of Radiation Protection
Ohio Department of Health
246 North High Street
Columbus, OH 43215
PH (614)644-2727 FX (614)466-0381
Michael.snee@odh.ohio.gov Michael Bear, Interim Branch Chief
Radiological Branch Chief
Ohio Emergency Management Agency
2855 West Dublin-Granville Road
Columbus, OH 43235-2206
PH (614)799-3687 FX (614)799-5950
mlbear@dps.state.oh.us

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Oklahoma Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Mike Broderick, Environmental Program Mgr. II
Radiation Management Section
OK Dept of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
PH (405)702-5155 FX (405)702-5101
mike.broderickmassmailing@deq.ok.gov Mike Broderick, Environmental Program Mgr. II
Radiation Management Section
OK Dept of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
PH (405)702-5155 FX (405)702-5101
mike.broderickmassmailing@deq.ok.gov Oregon Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer David M. Howe, M.A., Program Director
Radiation Protection Services
Oregon Health Services
Department of Human Services
800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 640
Portland, OR 97232-2162
PH (971)673-0499
FX (971) 673-0553
david.m.howe@state.or.us Ken Niles, Administrator
Nuclear Safety and Energy
Emergency Preparedness Division
Oregon Department of Energy
625 Marion Street NE, Suite 1
Salem, OR 97301-3742
PH (503)378-4906
FX (503)378-6457
ken.niles@odoe.state.or.us
Pennsylvania Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer David Allard, CHP, Director
PA Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Radiation Protection
Rachel Carson State Office Building
P.O. Box 8469
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8469
PH (717)787-2480 FX (717)783-8965
djallard@pa.gov David Allard, CHP, Director
PA Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Radiation Protection
Rachel Carson State Office Building
P.O. Box 8469
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8469
PH (717)787-2480 FX (717)783-8965
djallard@pa.gov

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Puerto Rico Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Raul Hernandez, Director
Radiological Health Division
Department of Health
P.O. Box 70184
San Juan, PR 00936-8184
PH (787)765-2929 FX (787)274-6829
rhernandez@salud.gov.pr Dr. Rosa Pérez-Perdomo
Secretary of Health
Department of Health of Puerto Rico
PO Box 70184
San Juan PR 00936-8184
PH (787)274-7629 FX (787)274-3384
rperez@salud.gov.pr Rhode Island Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Raymond Rusin, Director
RI Department of Health-Radiation Control
Office of Facilities Regulations
3 Capitol Hill, Room 306
Providence, RI 02908
PH (401)222-4520 FX (401)222-3999
raymond.rusin@health.ri.gov Paul D'Abbraccio, REP
Program Manager
RI Emergency Management Agency
645 New London Avenue
Cranston, RI 02920
PH (401)751-1516 FX (401)751-0310
pdabbraccio@doa.ri.gov South Carolina Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Aaron A. Gantt, Chief
Dept of Health & Environmental Control
Bureau of Radiological Health
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
PH (803)545-4420
FX (803)545-4412
ganttaa@dhec.sc.gov

Susan Jenkins, Assistant Director
Dept of Health & Environmental Control
Bureau of Land and Waste Management
Division of Waste Management
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
PH (803)896-4271 FX (803)896-4242
jenkinse@dhec.sc.gov

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South Dakota Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Vickee Anderson, Interim Program Director
Office of Health Care Facilities
Licensure & Certification
Systems Development & Regulations
615 East 4th Street
Pierre, SD 57501-1700
PH (605)773-7215
vickee.anderson@state.sd.us Rick Lancaster
Dept of Environment & Natural Resources
523 East Capital Avenue
Pierre, SD 57501
PH (605)773-3296 FX (605)773-6035
rick.lancaster@state.sd.us Tennessee Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Debra Shults, Director
Division of Radiological Health
TN Dept of Environment & Conservation
William R. Snodcrass Tennessee Tower-15th Floor
312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue
Nashville, TN 37243
PH (615)532-0364 FX (615)532-0614
debra.shults@tn.gov Debra Shults, Director
Division of Radiological Health
TN Dept of Environment & Conservation
William R. Snodcrass Tennessee Tower-15th Floor
312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue
Nashville, TN 37243
PH (615)532-0364 FX (615)532-0614
debra.shults@tn.gov Texas Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Richard A. Ratliff, P.E., L.M.P., Director
Radiation Safety Licensing Branch Manager
Division for Regulatory Services
TX Dept. of State Health Services
P.O. Box 149347-Mail Code 2835
Austin, TX 78714-9347
PH (512)834-6679 FX (512)834-6716
richard.ratliff@dshs.state.tx.us

Charles Maguire
Director
Radiation Materials Division, MC 233
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3087
PH (512)239-6731 FX (512)239-6466
charles.maguire@tceq.texas.gov

Roger Mulder, Director
State Energy Conservation Office
Comptroller of Public Accounts
P.O. Box 13528
Austin, TX 78701-3528
PH (512)463-1866 FX (512)463-2569
roger.mulder@cpa.state.tx.us

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Utah Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Rusty Lundberg, Director
Division of Radiation Control
Dept. of Environmental Quality
195 North 1950 West
P.O. Box 14485
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4850
PH (801)536-4257 FX (801)533-4097
rlundberg@utah.gov Rusty Lundberg, Director
Division of Radiation Control
Dept. of Environmental Quality
195 North 1950 West
P.O. Box 14485
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4850
PH (801)536-4257 FX (801)533-4097
rlundberg@utah.gov Vermont Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer William Irwin II, SC.D, CHP
Radiological Health Chief
VT Department of Health
108 Cherry Street
P.O. Box 70, Drawer #43
Burlington, VT 05402-0070
PH (802)865-7730 FX (802)865-7745
william.irwin@state.vt.us Christopher Recchia, Commissioner
Vermont Dept. of Public Service
112 State Street
Montpelier, VT 05620-2601
PH (802)828-2321 FX (802)828-2342
chris.recchia@state.vt.us

Uldis Vanags, (SLO Designee), State Nuclear Engineer
Vermont Department of Public Service
112 State Street
Montpelier, VT 05620-2601
PH (802)828-1784 FX (802)828-2342
Uldis.vanags@state.vt.us

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Virginia Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Steve A. Harrison, Director
Division of Radiological Health
Department of Health-James Madison Bldg.
109 Governor Street, Rm 736
Richmond, VA 23219
PH (804)864-8151 FX (804)864-8155
steve.harrison@vdh.virginia.gov Michael M. Cline, State Coordinator
Virginia Dept of Emergency Management
10501 Trade Court
Richmond, VA 23236-3713
PH (804)897-6501
FX (804)897-6506
michael.cline@vdem.virginia.gov Washington Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer David Jansen, P.E., Director
Office of Radiation Protection
Washington Department of Health
P.O. Box 47280
Olympia, WA 98504-7820
PH (360)236-3210 FX (360)236-2250
David.Jansen@doh.wa.gov Maryanne Guichard, Assistant Secretary
Division of Environmental Public Health
Department of Health
P.O. Box 47280
Olympia, WA 98504-7820
PH (360)236-3050 FX (360)236-2250
maryanne.guichard@doh.wa.gov

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West Virginia Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Tony Turner, Director
Radiation, Toxics and Indoor Air Div.
Office of Environmental Health Services
350 Capitol Street, Room 313
Charleston, WV 25301-1798
PH (304)356-4273 FX (304)558-1289
tony.turner@wv.gov Tony Turner, Director
Radiation, Toxics and Indoor Air Div.
Office of Environmental Health Services
350 Capitol Street, Room 313
Charleston, WV 25301-1798
PH (304)356-4273 FX (304)558-1289
tony.turner@wv.gov Wisconsin Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Paul Schmidt, Manager
Radiation Protection Section
Division of Public Health
Dept of Health Services
P.O. Box 2659
Madison, WI 53701-2659
PH (608)267-4792 FX (608)267-3695
paul.schmidt@wisconsin.gov Paul Schmidt, Manager
Radiation Protection Section
Division of Public Health
Dept of Health Services
P.O. Box 2659
Madison, WI 53701-2659
PH (608)267-4792 FX (608)267-3695
paul.schmidt@wisconsin.gov Wyoming Non-Agreement State Director State Liaison Officer Scott Ramsay
Radiological Services Manager
5500 Bishop Blvd.
Cheyenne, WY 82002
PH (307)777-7753 FX (307)777-4955
scott.ramsay@wyo.gov Guy Cameron, Director
WY Office of Homeland Security
5500 Bishop Blvd.
Cheyenne, WY 82002
PH (307)777-8511 FX (307)635-6017
guy.cameron@wyo.gov

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Teen takes apart sign at home

Jill Lipoti, New Jersey Department of Environment

An incident in New Jersey demonstrates the consequences of improper management of a tritium sign. In New Jersey we had an incident where a 16 year old boy picked up a discarded tritium exit sign, took it back to his room and took it apart with a screwdriver while he was eating sunflower seeds. He ingested the tritium because when you break the vials, it releases tritium into the air. The tritium will glom on to anything that moisture will be attracted to, so he ingested tritium. The child managed to call the poison control center and get us involved right away. But his room had to be decontaminated, he had to be decontaminated, his family had to be put up at a hotel while all of this was going on. The cost to the state, which was paid for by the New Jersey spill fund, was over $100,000 and interestingly the child, the 16 year old, through drinking lots of fluids, was able to keep his dose to about 80 mrem. But still imagine this, this one exit sign, and one kid and he managed to contaminate himself and his house.

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Leachate Groundwater Contamination

Sampled leachate containing slightly elevated tritium levels indicates that tritium EXIT signs have been, and continue to be, disposed in landfills.

In 2004, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental sampled the leachate in 54 landfills for the presence of radiactive material. The initial analysis showed that tritium was the most prevalent radionuclide present in leachate from sampled landfills. Although tritium is naturally present in the environment, most of the observed leachate tritium concentrations exceeded typical enviromental concentrations. In fact, 53 percent of the sample results exceeded 20,000 pCi/L, the EPA limit for tritium drinking water supplies. However, when one considers the treatment and discharge processes leachate actually undergo, the dilution is factored into a human exposure scenario, none of the tritium results exceed the Commonwealth's tritium standards.

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Warning Label alerts resale-store workers to close call

Cheryl Rogers, Radiation Protection Section, Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services

Sometimes the States or Federal agencies get a call requesting assistance before the situation has resulted in an expensive clean-up. There was an instance where a tritium sign ended up at one of those used clothing type places and they were actually trying to take it apart because they wanted to save the good metal or whatever. And then the person got nervous I guess cause there is a little label on the sign. So he did see the little label and again called the NRC. Tried to call anonymously but it was kind of obvious who it was when we showed up at the store. And anyway that one had a happy ending too because the tube containing the tritium wasn’t broken. ...But that’s the main problem, sometimes people try to take them apart and that can cause problems if you break the tube with the tritium in it.

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